Migrating birds speed up in spring

Date: September 7, 2016

Source: Central Ornithology Publication Office

It turns out being the early bird really does have its advantages. A new study in The Auk: Ornithological Advances shows that migrating birds fly faster and put more effort into staying on course in spring than in fall, racing to arrive to their breeding grounds as soon as possible to get an edge in raising the next generation.

Migrating birds travel faster in spring than in fall because arriving late to their breeding grounds can affect their reproductive success. Past studies have shown that migrants take shorter breaks in spring, but it's harder to tell whether they also move faster in the air. When they used high-tech weather surveillance radars operated by NOAA and the Department of Defense on migrating birds, Kyle Horton of the University of Oklahoma and his colleagues found that birds did indeed fly faster in spring and compensated more for crosswinds that could blow them off course.

"Many migration studies look at a few individuals, maybe on the scale of hundreds, but with radar, we're now documenting the behaviors of millions of individuals on a given night. That's a lot of data, and when you do see flight behavior results that are regionally or seasonally different, it's quite compelling," says Horton. He hopes birds' ability to adjust their migratory behavior for different conditions will buffer them against the effects climate change, which may cause large-scale shifts in wind intensity.

Read more 

Birds fly faster in large flocks

Date: August 16, 2016

Source: Lund University

New research at Lund University in Sweden shows that the flight speed of birds is determined by a variety of factors. Among the most sensational is that the size of the flock has a significant impact on how fast the birds can fly. The larger the flock, the higher the speed.

Researchers at the Faculty of Science in Lund have now shown how several factors, working simultaneously together, determine the birds' flight speed. Their morphology, that is, the bird's weight and the shape of its wings, is one factor; wind direction and speed is another; and the situation (searching for food or travelling long distances) is a third.

However, what surprised the researchers the most was that the flock size has a major impact on the birds' speed.

"I was surprised that it is such an important factor. It has usually been neglected in studies of bird flight," says Professor Anders Hedenström who conducted the study together with Professor Susanne Åkesson.

This is the first time that researchers have successfully proven that the flight speed increases as the flock becomes bigger. The measurements were taken on the Swedish island Öland, where the researchers evaluated the birds' morphology and counted the number of birds in different flocks. Subsequently, with the help of an ornithodolite -- a measuring instrument that can be described as a telescope with a laser rangefinder that also records the speed and direction, as well as the height and side-angle of the wind -- they were able to measure the speed of various large flocks.

The result is clear: bigger flocks travel faster, no matter what species they belong to. What remains unclear is why. One theory is that in large flocks, there are more heavy birds, which fly faster than those that are lighter. In a large flock, it is easier to take advantage of the turbulence that occurs behind other birds, especially when flying in formation, like geese and other birds do. Utilising the turbulence makes it easier to maintain higher speed.

Readon